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15 1994

CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT, 1994

PART VIII

Supplementary

Disclosure of information.

57. —(1) Any person to whom or which section 32 of this Act applies (including their directors, employees and officers) shall report to the Garda Síochána where they suspect that an offence under section 31 or 32 of this Act in relation to the business of that person or body has been or is being committed.

(2) A person charged by law with the supervision of a person or body to whom or which section 32 of this Act applies shall report to the Garda Síochána where he or it suspects that an offence under section 31 or 32 of this Act has been or is being committed by a person or body with whose supervision the first mentioned person or body is so charged.

(3) A report may be made to the Garda Síochána under this section in accordance with an internal reporting procedure established by an employer for the purpose of facilitating the operation of this section.

(4) In the case of a person who was in employment at the relevant time, it shall be a defence to a charge of committing an offence under this section that the person charged made a report of the type referred to in subsection (1) or (2) of this section, as the case may be, to another person in accordance with an internal reporting procedure established for the purpose specified in subsection (3) of this section.

(5) A person who fails to comply with subsection (1) or (2) of this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, or

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to both.

(6) In determining whether a person has complied with any of the requirements of this section, a court may take account of any relevant supervisory or regulatory guidance which applies to that person or any other relevant guidance issued by a body that regulates, or is representative of, any trade, profession, business or employment carried on by that person.

(7) Where a person or body—

(a) discloses in good faith information in the course of making a report under subsection (1) or (2) of this section, or

(b) discloses in good faith to a member of the Garda Síochána or any person concerned in the investigation or prosecution of a drug trafficking offence or an offence in respect of which a confiscation order might be made under section 9 of this Act a suspicion, or any matter on which such a suspicion is based, that any property—

(i) has been obtained as a result of or in connection with the commission of any such offence, or

(ii) derives from property so obtained,

the disclosure shall not be treated as a breach of any restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by statute or otherwise and shall not involve the person or body making the disclosure (including their directors, employees and officers) in liability of any kind.

Offences of prejudicing investigation.

58. —(1) Where, in relation to an investigation into drug trafficking or into whether a person has benefited from an offence in respect of which a confiscation order might be made, an order under section 63 of this Act has been made, or has been applied for and has not been refused, or a warrant under section 55 or 64 of this Act has been issued, a person who, knowing or suspecting that the investigation is taking place, makes any disclosure which is likely to prejudice the investigation shall be guilty of an offence.

(2) Where a report has been made under subsection (1) or (2) of section 57 of this Act, a person who, knowing or suspecting that such a report has been made, makes any disclosure which is likely to prejudice any investigation arising from the report into whether an offence has been committed under section 31 or 32 of this Act shall be guilty of an offence.

(3) In proceedings against a person for an offence under this section, it is a defence for that person to prove—

(a) that he did not know or suspect that the disclosure to which the proceedings relate was likely to prejudice the investigation, or

(b) that he had lawful authority or reasonable excuse for making the disclosure.

(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, or

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to both.

Offences by bodies corporate.

59. —(1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a body corporate and is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of a person, being a director, manager, secretary or other officer of the body corporate, or a person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, that person, as well as the body corporate, shall be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

(2) Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members, subsection (1) of this section shall apply in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with his functions of management as if he were a director or manager of the body corporate.

Voidance of dispositions designed to frustrate confiscation, etc.

60. —Where any property of whatever kind and wherever situated, or any interest in such property, becomes subject to confiscation, forfeiture or any measure of restraint or control by virtue of any provision of this Act (including any provision for giving effect to orders made under the law of any country or territory outside the State) or of any action taken under any such provision, no purported disposition of the property or interest, and no other action purporting to be taken in respect of it, by or on behalf of any owner or other person having or claiming to have any interest in it (whether as beneficial owner or trustee or in any other capacity) in reliance on the law of any country or territory outside the State shall have effect so as to prevent the confiscation, forfeiture or measure from taking effect as provided by this Act.

Forfeiture orders.

61. —(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, where a person is convicted of an offence, and—

(a) the court by or before which he is convicted is satisfied that any property which has been lawfully seized from him or which was in his possession or under his control at the time when he was apprehended for the offence or when a summons in respect of it was issued—

(i) has been used for the purpose of committing, or facilitating the commission of, any offence, or

(ii) was intended by him to be used for that purpose,

or

(b) the offence, or an offence which the court has taken into consideration in determining his sentence, consists of unlawful possession of property which—

(i) has been lawfully seized from him, or

(ii) was in his possession or under his control at the time when he was apprehended for the offence of which he has been convicted or when a summons in respect of that offence was issued,

the court may make an order under this section (referred to in this Act as a “forfeiture order”) in respect of that property, and may do so whether or not it also deals with the offender in respect of the offence in any other way.

(2) In considering whether to make a forfeiture order in respect of any property a court shall have regard—

(a) to the value of the property, and

(b) to the likely financial and other effects on the offender of the making of the order (taken together with any other order that the court contemplates making).

(3) Facilitating the commission of an offence shall be taken for the purposes of this section to include the taking of any steps after it has been committed for the purpose of disposing of any property to which the offence relates or of avoiding, or enabling any other person to avoid, apprehension or detection.

(4) An order under this section shall operate to deprive the offender of his rights, if any, in the property to which it relates, and the property shall (if not already in their possession) be taken into the possession of the Garda Síochána.

(5) A court shall not order property to be forfeited under this section if a person claiming to be the owner of it or otherwise interested in it applies to be heard by the court, unless an opportunity has been given to him to show cause why the order should not be made.

(6) An order under this section shall not take effect until the ordinary time for instituting an appeal against the conviction or order concerned has expired or, where such an appeal is instituted, until it or any further appeal is finally decided or abandoned or the ordinary time for instituting any further appeal has expired.

(7) The Police Property Act, 1897, shall apply, with the following modifications, to property which is in the possession of the Garda Síochána by virtue of this section, that is to say:

(a) no application shall be made under section 1 (1) of that Act by any claimant of the property after the expiration of 6 months from the date on which the order in respect of the property was made under this section, and

(b) no such application shall succeed unless the claimant satisfies the court either that he had not consented to the offender having possession of the property or that he did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the property was likely to be used for a purpose mentioned in subsection (1) of this section.

(8) In relation to property which is in the possession of the Garda Síochána by virtue of this section, the power to make regulations under section 2 (1) of the Police Property Act, 1897 (disposal of property in cases where the owner of the property has not been ascertained etc.), shall include power to make regulations for disposal in cases where no application by a claimant of the property has been made within the period specified in subsection (7) (a) of this section or no such application has succeeded.

(9) Nothing in this section shall affect the provisions of any enactment whereby property is, or may be ordered to be, forfeited as a result of a conviction for an offence.

Forfeiture for drug offences.

62. Section 30 (1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act, 1977 (forfeiture on conviction of an offence under that Act) is hereby amended by the substitution therefor of the following subsection:

“(1) Subject to subsection (2) of this section, a court by which a person is convicted of an offence under this Act or a drug trafficking offence (within the meaning of the Criminal Justice Act, 1994), may order anything shown to the satisfaction of the court to relate to the offence to be forfeited and either destroyed or dealt with in such other manner as the court thinks fit.”.

Order to make material available.

63. —(1) A member of the Garda Síochána may, for the purpose of an investigation into drug trafficking or an offence under section 31 of this Act or an investigation into whether a person has benefited from drug trafficking or an offence in respect of which a confiscation order might be made under section 9 of this Act, apply to a judge of the District Court for an order under subsection (2) of this section in relation to any particular material or material of a particular description.

(2) If on such an application being made the judge is satisfied that the conditions in subsection (4) of this section are fulfilled, he may order that the person who appears to him to be in possession of the material to which the application relates shall—

(a) produce it to a member of the Garda Síochána for him to take away, or

(b) give the member access to it, within such period as the order may specify.

(3) The period to be specified in an order under subsection (2) of this section shall be 7 days unless it appears to the judge that a longer or shorter period would be appropriate in the particular circumstances of the application.

(4) The conditions referred to in subsection (2) of this section are—

(a) that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that a specified person has carried on drug trafficking or has committed an offence under section 31 of this Act or has benefited from drug trafficking or from an offence in respect of which a confiscation order might be made under section 9 of this Act,

(b) that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the material to which the application relates—

(i) is likely to be of substantial value (whether by itself or together with other material) to the investigation for the purpose of which the application is made, and

(ii) does not consist of or include items subject to legal privilege,

and

(c) that there are reasonable grounds for believing that it is in the public interest, having regard—

(i) to the benefit likely to accrue to the investigation if the material is obtained, and

(ii) to the circumstances under which the person in possession of the material holds it,

that the material should be produced or that access to it should be given.

(5) Where a judge makes an order under subsection (2) (b) of this section in relation to material on any premises, he may, on the application of a member of the Garda Síochána, order any person who appears to him to be entitled to grant entry to the premises to allow a member of the Garda Síochána to enter the premises to obtain access to the material.

(6) A judge of the District Court may vary or discharge an order made under this section.

(7) Where the material to which an application under this section relates consists of information contained in a computer—

(a) an order under subsection (2) (a) of this section shall have effect as an order to produce the material in a form in which it can be taken away and in which it is visible and legible, and

(b) an order under subsection (2) (b) of this section shall have effect as an order to give access to the material in a form in which it is visible and legible.

(8) Subject to subsection (9) of this section, an order under subsection (2) of this section—

(a) shall not confer any right to production of, or access to, items subject to legal privilege, and

(b) shall have effect notwithstanding any obligation as to secrecy or other restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by statute or otherwise.

(9) In the case of material which has been supplied to a Government department or other authority by or on behalf of the government of another state in accordance with an undertaking (express or implied) on the part of the department or authority that the material will be used only for a particular purpose or purposes no order under this section shall have the effect of requiring or permitting the production of, or the giving of access to, the material as mentioned in subsection (2) of this section for a purpose other than one permitted in accordance with the undertaking and the material shall not, without the consent of the other state, be further disclosed or used otherwise than in accordance with the undertaking.

(10) Any person who without reasonable excuse fails or refuses to comply with an order made under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, or

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to both.

Authority for search.

64. —(1) A member of the Garda Síochána may, for the purpose of an investigation into drug trafficking or an offence under section 31 of this Act or an investigation into whether a person has benefited from drug trafficking or an offence in respect of which a confiscation order might be made under section 9 of this Act, apply to a judge of the District Court for a warrant under this section in relation to specified premises.

(2) On an application being made under subsection (1) of this section, the judge may issue a warrant authorising a specified member of the Garda Síochána, accompanied by such other members of the Garda Síochána as the member thinks necessary, to enter, by force if necessary, and search the premises if he is satisfied—

(a) that an order made under section 63 of this Act in relation to material on the premises has not been complied with, or

(b) that the conditions in subsection (3) of this section are fulfilled, or

(c) that the conditions in subsection (4) of this section are fulfilled.

(3) The conditions referred to in subsection (2) (b) of this section are—

(a) that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that a specified person has carried on drug trafficking or has committed an offence under section 31 of this Act or has benefited from drug trafficking or from an offence in respect of which a confiscation order might be made under section 9 of this Act, and

(b) that the conditions in section 63 (4) (b) and (c) of this Act are fulfilled in relation to any material on the premises, and

(c) that it would not be appropriate to make an order under that section in relation to the material because—

(i) it is not practicable to communicate with any person entitled to produce the material, or

(ii) it is not practicable to communicate with any person entitled to grant access to the material or entitled to grant entry to the premises on which the material is situated, or

(iii) the investigation for the purpose of which the application is made might be seriously prejudiced unless a member of the Garda Síochána could secure immediate access to the material.

(4) The conditions referred to in subsection (2) (c) of this section are—

(a) that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that a specified person has carried on drug trafficking or has committed an offence under section 31 of this Act or has benefited from drug trafficking or from an offence in respect of which a confiscation order might be made under section 9 of this Act, and

(b) that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is on the premises material relating to the specified person or to drug trafficking or to an offence under section 31 of this Act or to an offence in respect of which a confiscation order might be made under section 9 of this Act which is likely to be of substantial value (whether by itself or together with other material) to the investigation for the purpose of which the application is made, but that the material cannot at the time of the application be particularised, and

(c) that—

(i) it is not practicable to communicate with any person entitled to grant entry to the premises, or

(ii) entry to the premises will not be granted unless a warrant is produced, or

(iii) the investigation for the purpose of which the application is made might be seriously prejudiced unless a member of the Garda Síochána arriving at the premises could secure immediate entry to them.

(5) Where a member of the Garda Síochána has entered premises in the execution of a warrant issued under this section, he may seize and retain any material, other than items subject to legal privilege, which is likely to be of substantial value (whether by itself or together with other material) to the investigation for the purpose of which the warrant was issued.

Compensation.

65. —(1) If proceedings are instituted against a person for a drug trafficking offence or offences or for an offence or offences in respect of which a confiscation order might be made under section 9 of this Act and either—

(a) the proceedings do not result in his conviction for any such offence, or

(b) where he is convicted of one or more such offences—

(i) the conviction or convictions concerned are quashed, or

(ii) he is pardoned by the President in respect of the conviction or convictions concerned,

the High Court may, on an application by a person who held property which was realisable property, order compensation to be paid to the applicant if, having regard to all the circumstances, it considers it appropriate to make such an order.

(2) The court shall not order compensation to be paid in any case under this section unless the court is satisfied—

(a) that there has been some serious default on the part of a person concerned in the investigation or prosecution of the offence concerned, and

(b) that the applicant has suffered loss in consequence of anything done in relation to the property by or in pursuance of an order under this Act.

(3) The court shall not order compensation to be paid under this section in any case where it appears to the court that the proceedings would have been instituted or continued even if the serious default had not occurred.

(4) The court may order compensation to be paid under this section to a person with an interest in property affected by a confiscation order or a restraint order notwithstanding that he is not the person who was the subject of the relevant investigation or prosecution.

(5) The compensation to be paid under this section shall be such amount as the court thinks just in all the circumstances of the case.

Compensation, etc. where absconder is acquitted.

66. —(1) This section applies where—

(a) the High Court has made a confiscation order in the exercise of its powers under section 13 (4) of this Act, and

(b) the defendant is subsequently tried for the offence or offences concerned and acquitted on all counts.

(2) The court by which the defendant is acquitted shall cancel the confiscation order.

(3) The High Court may, on the application of a person who held property which was realisable property, order compensation to be paid to the applicant if it is satisfied that the applicant has suffered loss as a result of the making of the confiscation order.

(4) The amount of compensation to be paid under this section shall be such as the court considers just in all the circumstances of the case.

(5) Where the court cancels a confiscation order under this section it may make such consequential or incidental order as it considers appropriate in connection with the cancellation.

Power to discharge confiscation order and order compensation when absconder returns.

67. —(1) This section applies where—

(a) the High Court has made a confiscation order by virtue of section 13 (4) of this Act in relation to an absconder,

(b) the defendant has ceased to be an absconder, and

(c) section 66 of this Act does not apply.

(2) The High Court may, on the application of the defendant, cancel the confiscation order if it is satisfied that—

(a) there has been undue delay in continuing the proceedings in respect of which the power under section 13 (4) of this Act was exercised; or

(b) the Director of Public Prosecutions does not intend to proceed with the prosecution.

(3) Where the High Court cancels a confiscation order under this section it may, on the application of a person who held property which was realisable property, order compensation to be paid to the applicant if it is satisfied that the applicant has suffered loss as a result of the making of the confiscation order.

(4) The amount of compensation to be paid under this section shall be such as the court considers just in all the circumstances of the case.

(5) Where the court cancels a confiscation order under this section it may make such consequential or incidental order as it considers appropriate in connection with the cancellation.

Expenses.

68. —The expenses incurred in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.